All the environmental forces impact industries in varying degree. Over a period of time these may change and oscillate between dominant factors and insignificant factors.
(a) Retail Industry
• Macro environmental factors such as Technological, Economic, Demographic, Social, Legal and political.
• Rapid change in production process and product innovation.
• Foreign Direct Investment and policies thereon.
• Changes in Direct and indirect taxes
• Inflation, interest rates.
• Changes in employment / labour laws.
• Change in attitude towards health.
• Developments in IT can help in support supply chain management, logistics and transportation.
(b) Automobile Industry
• Macro environmental factors such as Technological, Economic, Demographic, Social, Legal and political.
• New research and development.
• Anti- pollution pressures. Use of eco-friendly cars.
• Use of alternative fuels.
• Population growth and age mix
• Rural urban ratio.
• Changes in family structure.
• Changes in income levels.
• Changes in Import & Excise Duties.
• Foreign Direct Investment.
• Financing facilities at low interest rates.
(c) Education Industry
• Macro environmental factors such as Technological, Economic, Demographic, Social, Legal and political.
• Changes in government policies. Proposed Higher Education and Research outlays.
• Privatization of Higher Education.
• Availability of soft loans for higher / professional education.
• Attitude towards education.
• Mobility of students.
• Income.
• Job opportunities.