Court Quashes Tax Reassessment: Wrong Authority's Approval Invalidates Notice

Dive into the details by reading the original court order's judgement here. Caselaw Name:

Commissioner of Income Tax Vs Aquatic Remedies Pvtr. Ltd

Income  Tax Appeal No. 904 of 2016

Key Takeaways:

1. Powers conferred upon a specific authority must be exercised by that authority only.

2. Satisfaction of one authority cannot be substituted by another, even if it's a superior officer.

3. Proper procedural compliance is crucial in tax reassessment cases.

Issue:

Was the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal correct in quashing the reassessment order under Section 143(3) read with Section 147 of the Income Tax Act, holding it to be without jurisdiction?

Facts:

1. On March 25, 2011, the Assessing Officer issued a notice under Section 148 of the Income Tax Act to reopen the assessment for the Assessment Year 2004-05 for Aquatic Remedies Pvt. Ltd.

2. The respondent challenged the notice, arguing that the sanction for issuing it should have been obtained from the Additional Commissioner of Income Tax under Section 151(2) of the Act, but was instead obtained from the Commissioner of Income Tax.

3. The Assessing Officer rejected this argument and passed a reassessment order on December 16, 2011

4. The respondent appealed to the Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals), who dismissed the appeal on December 28, 2013.

5. The respondent then appealed to the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal, which allowed the appeal on March 25, 2015.

6. The Commissioner of Income Tax then filed this appeal under Section 260-A of the Income Tax Act, challenging the Tribunal's order

Arguments:

Revenue's Argument:

- The Additional Commissioner of Income Tax (the jurisdictional officer) had recorded his satisfaction with the reasons for reopening the case.

- Even though approval was obtained from the Commissioner of Income Tax, it doesn't negate the fact that the Additional Commissioner was satisfied with the reasons.

Respondent's Argument:

- The sanction for issuing the notice should have been obtained from the Additional Commissioner of Income Tax as per Section 151(2) of the Act.

- The sanction obtained from the Commissioner of Income Tax was in breach of Section 151, making the notice without jurisdiction.

Key Legal Precedents:

1. Ghanshyam K. Khabrani v/s. Assistant Commissioner of Income Tax 346 ITR 443

2. CIT v/s. SPL's Siddhartha Ltd. (ITA No. 836 of 2011 decided on September 14, 2011) – reported in [2012] 345 ITR 223 (Delhi)

Both these cases held that powers conferred upon a particular authority must be exercised by that authority, and the satisfaction mandated by statute of a distinct authority cannot be substituted by another.

Judgement:

The High Court dismissed the appeal, agreeing with the Tribunal's decision. Key points of the judgment:

1. The Assessing Officer sought approval from the Commissioner of Income Tax, not the designated Additional Commissioner of Income Tax as required by Section 151(2) of the Act.

2. The Additional Commissioner's view was subject to the Commissioner's approval, indicating no final sanction from the Additional Commissioner.

3. The court followed the precedent set in Ghanshyam Khabrani's case, affirming that powers conferred upon a particular authority must be exercised by that authority only

FAQs:

Q1: Why was the reassessment notice considered invalid?

A1: The notice was invalid because it was approved by the Commissioner of Income Tax instead of the Additional Commissioner of Income Tax, as required by Section 151(2) of the Income Tax Act.

Q2: Can a superior officer's approval substitute for the designated officer's approval?

A2: No, the court clearly stated that even a superior officer's approval cannot substitute for the approval of the designated authority as per the statute.

Q3: What's the main principle established by this judgment?

A3: The main principle is that powers conferred upon a particular authority by statute must be exercised by that specific authority only, and cannot be substituted by another authority, even if it's a superior one.

Q4: Does this judgment set a new precedent?

A4: No, it reinforces existing precedents, particularly following the Ghanshyam Khabrani case and the Delhi High Court's decision in CIT v/s. SPL's Siddhartha Ltd.

Q5: What's the practical implication of this judgment for tax authorities

A5: Tax authorities need to be extremely careful about following proper procedures, especially regarding who gives approval for reassessment notices. Even minor procedural errors can invalidate their actions.

1. This Appeal under Section 260­A of the Income Tax Act, 1961 (the Act), challenges the order dated 25th March, 2015 passed by the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (the Tribunal). The impugned order dated 25th March, 2015 is in respect of Assessment Year 2004­05.

2 Revenue urges the following question of law, for our consideration:

“ Whether on the facts and in the circumstance of the case and in law, the Tribunal was correct in quashing the order made under Section 143(3) r.w.s. 147 holding that the same is out of jurisdiction without appreciating the fact that the sanction of the CIT was based on the satisfaction/ report of the Addl. CIT and as such the requirement of section 151(2) of the IT Act which calls for the sanction of the Addl. CIT, is duly fulfilled?”

3. Respondent is engaged in the business of trading in pharmaceutical products. On 25th March, 2011, the Assessing Officer issued a notice under Section 148 of the Act, seeking to re­open the assessment for the Assessment Year 2004­05. Respondent challenged the issuance of the re­opening notice dated 25th March, 2011 on the ground that, permission/ sanction for issuing of the notice had to be obtained from the Additional Commissioner of Income Tax under Section 151 (2) of the Act while the sanction in this case has been obtained from the Commissioner of Income Tax. Thus, in breach of the Section 151 of the Act. Therefore, without jurisdiction. The Assessing Officer did not accept the above submission of the Respondent and proceeded to pass a reassessment order dated 16th December, 2011 under Section 143(3) read with Section 147 of the Act.

4. Being aggrieved with the order dated 16th December, 2011, the Respondent filed an Appeal to the Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) [CIT(A)]. By order dated 28th December, 2013, the CIT(A) dismissed the appeal. This, by holding that the Additional Commissioner of Income Tax i.e. appropriate authority has applied his mind and was satisfied with the reasons recorded by the Assessing Officer. It held that mere obtaining the approval from a higher authority i.e. CIT(A) will not vitiate the re­opening proceedings.

5. This led to the Respondent filing a further appeal from the order dated 28th December, 2013 to the Tribunal. This, appeal by the Respondent­Assessee's was allowed by the impugned order dated 25th March, 2011. This, by following the decision of this Court in Ghanshyam K. Khabrani v/s. Assistant Commissioner of Income Tax 346 ITR 443 to hold that, the approval/ permission to issue the notice dated 25th March, 2011 had not been granted by the Additional Commissioner of Income Tax, but by the Commissioner of Income Tax and, thus in breach of Section 151 of the Act.

6. Before considering the rival submissions, it is necessary to reproduce the relevant extracts from

'FORM FOR RECORDING REASONS FOR INITIATING PROCEEDINGS U/S. 148 OF THE ACT, AND FOR OBTAINING APPROVAL OF THE COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX, CENTRAL ­V, MUMBAI'

tendered across the Bar. The Form itself indicates that the Assessing Office had submitted the proposal to obtain approval of the Commissioner of Income Tax before issuing the notice dated 25th March, 2011. The remark by Additional Commissioner of Income Tax on the form, is as under:­

“12. Remark of the Addl. CIT: Yes. I am satisfied. It is a fit case to re­open the case u/s. 147 of the Act. The notice u/s. 148 may be issued subject to CIT approval.

Sd/­ (VIRENDRA OJHA) Addl. Commissioner of Income Tax, Central Range 10, Mumbai.”

It, thereafter, was examined by the Commissioner of Income Tax who expressed his approval in the following form: “13. Remark of the CIT Yes, I am satisfied that in view of facts, ... as indicated in the Annexure, it is a fit case for issue of notice u/s. 148 of the I.T. Act.

Sd/­ (H.C.JAIN) Commissioner of Income Tax, Central IV, Mumbai.”

7. Further, the learned Counsel for the parties also produce before us a letter dated 24th March, 2011 addressed by the Additional Commissioner of Income Tax to the Commissioner of Income Tax and letter dated 25th March, 2011 from the office of the Commissioner of Income Tax to the Additional Commissioner of Income Tax. The letter dated 24th March, 2011 records the view of Additional Commissioner of Income Tax that he agrees with the reasons given by the Assessing Officer to issue the re­opening notice and seeks permission of the Commissioner of Income Tax to enable the Assessing Officer to issue the re­opening notice for Assessment Year 2004­05. While, letter dated 25th March, 2011 from the office of the Commissioner of Income Tax, addressed to the Additional Commissioner of Income Tax states that he has granted approval to the Assessing Officer to issue a notice under Section 148 of the Act. All the three communications, referred to herein above in paragraphs 6 and in this paragraph, are taken on record and marked A, B & C for identification.

8. Mr. Tejveer Singh, learned Counsel appearing for the Revenue submits that the Additional Commissioner of Income Tax is the jurisdictional Officer to grant sanction under Section 151 (2) of the Act. This, Officer he, submits has recorded his satisfaction with the reasons recorded by the Assessing Officer to issue the re­opening notice. Thus, the requirement of Section 151 (2) of the Act is satisfied inasmuch as the Additional Commissioner of Income Tax has found it to be a fit case for issuing of notice. It is further submitted that even though, the approval was obtained from the Commissioner of Income Tax for issuance of the notice, it does not take away the fact that the Additional Commissioner of Income Tax was satisfied with reasons recorded by the Assessing Officer.Therefore, it is submitted that the notice dated 25th March, 2011, cannot be said to be without jurisdiction.

9. It is undisputed position before us that in terms of Section 151(2) of the Act, the sanctioning/ permission to issue notice under Section 148 of the Act has to be issued by the Additional Commissioner of Income Tax. We find that the Assessing Officer had not sought the approval of the Designated Officer but of the Commissioner of Income Tax. This is clear from the Form used to obtain the sanction. In any case, the approval/ satisfaction recorded in the form submitted for sanction of the Commissioner of Income Tax by the Assessing Officer reproduced herein above, it is clear that the Additional Commissioner of Income Tax had not granted permission to initiate re­opening proceedings against the Respondent­Assessee. The view of the Additional Commissioner of Income Tax was subject to the approval of his superior – the Commissioner of Income Tax. Thus, there was no final sanction granted by the Additional Commissioner of Income Tax for issuing the notice dated 25th March, 2011 to re­open the Assessment. Further, it is the Commissioner of Income Tax who directed the issuance of the notice under Section 148 of the Act to the Assessing Officer. Thus, it is very clear that the final sanction/ approval was that of the Commissioner of Income Tax as indicated in the Form and also in the two letters dated 24th March, 2011 and 25th March, 2011.

10. This Court in Ghanshyam Khabrani (supra) while dealing with almost similar/ identical situation has observed as under:­

“ The approval which has been granted is not by the Additional Commissioner of Income Tax but by the Commissioner of Income Tax. There is no statutory provision here under which a power to be exercised by an officer an be exercised by a superior officer. When the statute mandates the satisfaction of a particular manner, it has to be done in that manner. In a similar situation, the Delhi High Court in CIT v/s. SPL's Siddhartha Ltd. (ITA No. 836 of 2011 decided on September 14, 2011) – since reported in [2012] 345 ITR 223 (Delhi) held that powers which are conferred upon a particular authority have to be exercised by that authority and the satisfaction which the statute mandates of a distinct authority cannot be substituted by the satisfaction of another. We are in respectful agreement with the judgment of the Delhi High Court.” (emphasis supplied)

11. In the aforesaid facts, the view taken by the Tribunal, cannot be found fault with as it merely follows the decision of this Court in Ghanshyam Khabrani (supra). Therefore, the question as framed does not give rise to any substantial question of law. Thus, not entertained.

12 Accordingly, Appeal dismissed. No order as to costs.

(SANDEEP K. SHINDE,J.) (M.S.SANKLECHA,J.)